The Life Hydrologic: Crash Course Kids #30.2 - By Crash Course Kids
Transcript
| 00:09 | So last time we hiked up a volcano to explore | |
| 00:12 | the ways the geo sphere affects the biosphere . Now | |
| 00:16 | let's go down , we're gonna dive deep to explore | |
| 00:19 | another connection between two of the earth's fears . But | |
| 00:22 | this time things might get a little soggy . Can | |
| 00:25 | you guess what we're off to explore ? Water ? | |
| 00:27 | Let's take a look at how the hydro sphere affects | |
| 00:30 | the biosphere . You remember the hydro sphere ? It | |
| 00:36 | includes all of the water on the planet , and | |
| 00:38 | of course the biosphere includes all the living things . | |
| 00:41 | Now we know that the features of the geo sphere | |
| 00:43 | can create conditions that affect the things that live nearby | |
| 00:46 | . As you climb up a mountain , the air | |
| 00:48 | gets thinner and cooler , creating an entirely different ecosystem | |
| 00:51 | at the summit than the one at the base . | |
| 00:53 | And the same is true with water , lakes , | |
| 00:56 | rivers and oceans are all habitats in different plants and | |
| 00:59 | animals that live in water need different conditions to survive | |
| 01:03 | to . Now , maybe you're thinking nada humpback whale | |
| 01:05 | can live in a lake . Got it . But | |
| 01:07 | it goes deeper than that . When we look out | |
| 01:10 | on the ocean , we see rolling waves that stretch | |
| 01:12 | out towards the horizon . It's beautiful . Yes , | |
| 01:15 | but there's a lot more going on below the surface | |
| 01:18 | . The ocean has layers as you move deeper into | |
| 01:22 | the water , the temperature , pressure and even salt | |
| 01:24 | content all change . And as conditions change , the | |
| 01:28 | type of creatures that live there change as well . | |
| 01:30 | But don't just take my word for it . Got | |
| 01:32 | your snorkel on . Good . Let's go swimming Mm | |
| 01:37 | from the surface of the sea to about 200 m | |
| 01:41 | is the sunlight zone . As the name suggests , | |
| 01:44 | it's shallow enough for light to penetrate the water . | |
| 01:46 | And I know you remember what kind of life needs | |
| 01:49 | sunlight . Plants through photosynthesis , plants turn energy from | |
| 01:53 | the sun into chemical energy . Here's sea grass , | |
| 01:56 | seaweed and phytoplankton , which are microscopic plants , algae | |
| 01:59 | and bacteria form the base of the ocean's food chain | |
| 02:03 | . Since this zone is the very top layer , | |
| 02:05 | it doesn't have much pressure . That means marine mammals | |
| 02:08 | , like most whales , seals and manatees are able | |
| 02:10 | to live here anymore pressure and their air filled lungs | |
| 02:13 | would get squished . But the sunlight zone is just | |
| 02:17 | a tiny fraction of what makes up the ocean . | |
| 02:20 | Let's dive . As we enter the next layer , | |
| 02:23 | the party starts to thin out . It's darker , | |
| 02:25 | chillier and there's more pressure . This space is called | |
| 02:28 | the twilight zone because it receives some sunlight but not | |
| 02:31 | enough for plants to grow . So plant eating fish | |
| 02:33 | can live here , but they have to survive on | |
| 02:35 | the scraps that fall from above . You start to | |
| 02:38 | see some animals with some funky adaptations down here . | |
| 02:41 | Some fish have really big eyes to collect every little | |
| 02:43 | bit of light they can and some animals light up | |
| 02:46 | not to see but to hide seen from below . | |
| 02:48 | An animal would look like a dark shape against the | |
| 02:51 | light water above , but with spots of light on | |
| 02:53 | their body . Some animals can better blend in and | |
| 02:56 | hide from predators . Now think about this the deepest | |
| 03:00 | that a person has ever gone on . A scuba | |
| 03:02 | dive was only 305 m , Just barely entering the | |
| 03:06 | twilight zone . But we're not done yet to the | |
| 03:09 | deep welcome to the spooky sounding midnight zone . You | |
| 03:13 | can probably guess what that means . It's pitch black | |
| 03:15 | down here . This zone goes about 4000 m down | |
| 03:19 | and the animals down here are pretty weird . They | |
| 03:22 | might have huge mouths and sharp teeth so they can | |
| 03:24 | eat anything that comes along . Food is pretty scarce | |
| 03:27 | here , so they're not picky . Sometimes it's a | |
| 03:29 | passing fish . Other times a shark carcass falls from | |
| 03:31 | the sunlight zone above providing a feast . We're nearing | |
| 03:34 | the bottom . Now , this zone covers most of | |
| 03:36 | the sea floor here . The water temperature is just | |
| 03:39 | above freezing and it's extremely salty . These conditions mean | |
| 03:42 | only a few creatures live down here . Most of | |
| 03:44 | these are invertebrates like basket stars and tiny squids , | |
| 03:48 | but there's one more layer to the ocean to explore | |
| 03:51 | The trenches for awhile , oceanographers thought no life could | |
| 03:55 | exist in such an inhospitable place . The water pressure | |
| 03:58 | is like having about 50 huge airplanes piled on top | |
| 04:02 | of you . But even so , animals like starfish | |
| 04:05 | and tube worms can thrive at these depths . Okay | |
| 04:07 | , back to the surface , moving through the water | |
| 04:14 | , you can see how changes in temperature , pressure | |
| 04:16 | and light affect the organisms that live there . And | |
| 04:19 | that is just one important way in which the hydra | |
| 04:22 | sphere acts on the biosphere from the top of a | |
| 04:24 | mountain to the bottom of the sea . I bet | |
| 04:27 | you never thought that the spheres could be so full | |
| 04:29 | of adventure . |
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