Weather Channels: Crash Course Kids #34.2 - Free Educational videos for Students in K-12

Weather Channels: Crash Course Kids #34.2 - By Crash Course Kids

Transcript


00:09	last night I checked the weather on my phone and
00:11	the Ap said clear skies all day . But this
00:14	morning I got caught in a shower , not the
00:16	one in my bathroom , the one that comes from
00:18	the sky because you faulty weather app . But I
00:21	can't be too mad . Weather is crazy difficult to
00:24	predict . We've already learned that the Earth's shape ,
00:26	its distribution of land and water and its rotation all
00:29	affect the way that wind moves around the world .
00:31	Air , water , land and heat energy from the
00:34	sun interact in really complex ways to create weather both
00:37	in your area and around the world . A cool
00:39	breeze is a small local weather pattern . The jet
00:42	stream , on the other hand , is part of
00:43	a global cycle . Jet streams form at the boundary
00:46	between different cells of rotating air , which , as
00:49	you know from last time , are caused by the
00:51	uneven heating of Earth's atmosphere at the equator and poles
00:54	. And we talked about how jet streams are currents
00:56	of fast moving air about 10 kilometers above the Earth's
00:59	surface . Think of it as a tube of ridiculously
01:02	fast air whipping around the world . I mean jet
01:05	streams move people and since they're the boundaries between two
01:09	air masses , their movement affects us a lot .
01:12	Check out the weather report and you'll see jet streams
01:14	front and center on the maps . If the jet
01:17	stream dips down from the polls in the winter ,
01:20	we're in for some serious cold for a few days
01:22	, but if it lifts back up it'll be more
01:25	mild . So you can see how moving air can
01:27	affect the weather where you live . But what about
01:30	moving water ? Ocean currents form another kind of cycle
01:38	. They transport warm water from the equator toward the
01:41	poles and bring cold water from the polls back down
01:43	to the tropics . Without those two movements , jet
01:46	streams and ocean currents , the climate and weather conditions
01:49	would stay pretty much the same and things would get
01:52	unpleasant . The equator would be incredibly hot all the
01:56	time and the polls would be unspeakably cold . In
01:59	fact , a lot of the earth would be uninhabitable
02:01	. So thank goodness for the currents , but to
02:04	see how they work , let's take a look at
02:06	how one region of earth is affected by ocean currents
02:08	and jet streams . Welcome to the british isles ,
02:15	take a look at the british isles on the globe
02:17	. This group of islands is pretty far north and
02:19	so we might expect it to have a pretty cold
02:21	climate , but there's something else at work here ,
02:24	namely the ocean current . One current in particular helps
02:28	keep the british isles warm . The gulf stream ,
02:30	this massive current pulls warm water from the equator up
02:34	past florida , then all the way up to the
02:36	british isles . Meanwhile , cold water cycles down past
02:40	the northwestern coast of africa and back to the equator
02:43	. This flow of warm water helps keep winters in
02:45	the british isles milder compared to other places that are
02:48	so far north . So this place has a pretty
02:51	mild climate . But what about the weather ? That's
02:54	where the jet streams come in . Jet streams are
02:57	the main way that weather systems get around and the
03:00	british isles are particularly affected by the polar jet stream
03:03	. In a typical summer , the jetstream lifts above
03:06	the british isles closer to the north Pole , creating
03:08	hot and dry conditions with an average temperature between 16
03:12	and 21 degrees Celsius . But in 13 year spell
03:15	from 2007 to 2000 and nine , the jetstream actually
03:18	ran unusually far to the south , which made for
03:21	really cool , wet summers . Now , if the
03:24	jet stream is sitting right on top of the aisles
03:27	, that's when you get some interesting weather systems because
03:30	when two masses of air each with different temperature and
03:33	pressure meet , they don't mix , they clash .
03:37	This is called a front . When a massive cold
03:40	air moves into a massive warm air , it's called
03:43	a cold front . The warm air is forced to
03:45	quickly rise , causing heavy rains , hail , thunder
03:48	and lightning . A warm front on the other hand
03:51	, generally brings clear weather , but some serious humidity
03:55	, the british isles have such variable weather because they're
03:57	at the center of some very different air masses .
04:00	Wet and cold air is coming down from the polar
04:02	regions while wet and warm air moves in from the
04:05	southwest . Meanwhile , hot and dry air pushes up
04:08	from the southeast and more dry air comes in from
04:11	the east . These fronts cause major weather events ,
04:14	but they're difficult to predict as we've learned the jet
04:17	stream is in a straight line . It's a wiggly
04:19	wavy band that boogies its way around the Earth .
04:22	And while the deep ocean currents tend to flow in
04:24	a more orderly way , the surface currents are at
04:26	the whims of the wind moving in strange and nearly
04:29	unpredictable patterns day to day . As the air interacts
04:32	with land and water exchanging heat and moisture , it
04:35	forms high and low pressure zones in turn forming weather
04:38	systems . Mhm . So earth is complex . We've
04:45	got deep ocean currents , crazy fast jet streams ,
04:48	cold fronts and warm fronts and sea breezes too .
04:51	So it's probably a lot to ask of my weather
04:53	app to get the forecast right every single time .
04:56	Sorry for yelling at you phone .

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