What Are the Different Types of Cyclones? Crash Course Geography #12 - Free Educational videos for Students in K-12

What Are the Different Types of Cyclones? Crash Course Geography #12 - By Math and Science

Transcript


00:0-1	On the evening of November 12 , 1970 , the
00:02	Bhola cyclone barreled up the Bay of Bengal . There
00:04	were sustained winds of 240 km/h and a storm surge
00:08	or flooding that raised the sea level up to 10.4
00:11	m , that's 34 ft . The damaging wind and
00:15	flooding were devastating . And as of 2021 the Bhola
00:18	cyclone is the deadliest tropical cyclone in history , killing
00:21	an estimated 300 to 500,000 people . And the abysmal
00:24	response of the then West Pakistan government was a factor
00:27	in the War of Liberation that led to the creation
00:29	of Bangladesh . Just think about that a weather system
00:32	was so powerful , it helped create an entirely new
00:35	country , massive weather systems can wreak havoc in an
00:37	instant like the bhola cyclone , but they can also
00:40	move in slowly and create gradual change in our weather
00:42	for days like warm springtime rains or a weird unseasonal
00:45	batch of hail . Understanding when different weather systems occur
00:48	, how they form and their impacts is an important
00:50	part of physical geography , especially because all weather from
00:54	massive thunderstorms too small bouts of fog drives energy exchange
00:57	within the atmosphere . I'm Elise a career and this
01:00	is crash course geography . Yeah , yeah . Yeah
01:09	. Weather encapsulates all the atmospheric conditions in a specific
01:12	place at a specific time . And if you live
01:14	in the mid latitudes or everything , roughly between 35
01:17	55 degrees north and south latitude , you can expect
01:20	the weather to be predictably unpredictable . A bright sunny
01:22	day in south Dakota or the south island of New
01:24	Zealand or Scotland can suddenly change to overcast and gray
01:27	and then just as abruptly clear up day to day
01:29	, we might not notice what's going on in the
01:31	atmosphere unless there's a natural disaster headed our way or
01:34	we're stuck doing a lot of small talk , nice
01:36	weather we're having today Brandon . It's so seasonal ,
01:39	don't you think ? But there are so many complex
01:41	global circulation patterns in the atmosphere and the oceans as
01:45	we've learned because the earth is curved and tilted ,
01:47	the amount of incoming solar radiation or insulation isn't the
01:51	same everywhere . Each year tropical regions received 2.5 times
01:54	more energy than the polls , which has to be
01:56	evened out with the help of circulation in the atmosphere
01:58	. The uneven amounts of insulation also caused temperature differences
02:01	that drive some of the biggest rebalancing efforts . Mid
02:04	latitude cyclones which are also called wave Cyclones or extra
02:07	tropical cyclones . These enormous weather systems spanned 1000 kilometers
02:12	or more , even though they share the word cyclone
02:14	. A mid latitude cyclone is a relatively huge circular
02:17	weather system . Unlike the bhola cyclone , which is
02:19	a relatively smaller , extremely windy tropical storm , we'll
02:23	talk more about tropical cyclones later . Mid latitude cyclones
02:25	can last a week or more , bringing lots of
02:27	changes in the day to day weather or severe storms
02:30	as they travel from west to east with the westerly
02:32	winds , these weather systems can form in the mid
02:34	latitudes of both hemispheres , but to zoom into where
02:37	I live is an example . In the northern hemisphere
02:39	. We see mid latitude cyclones form along the polar
02:42	front , which is a band of low pressure in
02:44	the latitudes just below the polls that sits between two
02:46	large high pressure areas , the subtropical high pressure to
02:49	the south and the polar high to the north .
02:51	A battle rages in the skies between the warm ,
02:54	moist air from the tropics and the cold air from
02:56	the poles . In fact , the term polar front
02:58	was first proposed by Norwegian meteorologists , Yacoubi , darkness
03:01	and Calver Solberg while studying mid latitude storms in Norway
03:04	. The First World war was raging and it seemed
03:07	that the boundary between warm and cold air was like
03:09	a battlefront between the allied and central forces . Generally
03:12	, we can call these two opponents air masses which
03:15	are vast bodies of air with similar temperature and humidity
03:17	that form over a region like when an air mass
03:19	forms over tropical oceans , it will be relatively warmer
03:22	and more humid than one that forms over the frigid
03:24	interior of northern Canada , which will be cold and
03:26	very dry . And as they move , they bring
03:28	their temperatures and moisture with them . The mid latitudes
03:31	get a lot of clashes between air masses and that's
03:34	where a lot of the storms and precipitation comes from
03:36	because when different air masses come together , they're like
03:38	water and oil or Godzilla and mothra . They don't
03:41	love mixing . Instead they meet along sloping boundaries called
03:44	fronts . For example , if the cold air masses
03:46	feeling feisty and moves in on a warm air mass
03:48	, we get a cold front . The nose of
03:50	the advancing cold front is like a snowplow , hugging
03:52	the surface because it's dense and heavy , pushing the
03:55	warm air out of the way and flinging it upward
03:57	and with a cold front comes shifting winds , dropping
03:59	temperatures and lowering pressure . If the displaced warm air
04:02	is unstable and wants to rise and has lots of
04:04	moisture will get heavy rain from thunderstorms and in advancing
04:07	wall of cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds . But when a
04:10	cold air mass backs off the warm air mass sees
04:13	its chance and creeps in forming a warm front .
04:15	The warm air can't displace the denser colder air near
04:18	the ground so the warm front slides over it like
04:20	a thick blanket . Overall , a warm front is
04:22	much less sudden and violent than a cold front and
04:24	tends to linger , leaving warm , wet air behind
04:26	. The first sign of one is high cirrus clouds
04:29	, followed by lower and thicker alto stratus clouds and
04:31	then still lower and thicker stratus clouds that bring drizzly
04:34	rain . So different air masses bring different weather in
04:36	their wake and influence the weather conditions of locations as
04:39	they pass . Warm and cold fronts are relatively small
04:41	skirmishes , but wars or mid latitude cyclones can start
04:45	when cold and warm air meet on the polar front
04:48	while these air masses duke it out closer to the
04:49	surface of the earth , there's another crusade happening five
04:52	kilometers above them . The upper air west release .
04:55	These winds blow very fast because there's less friction higher
04:58	up and within the upper air westerly is about 10
05:00	kilometers above the earth . There's a wind that blows
05:03	really , really fast . It's the polar front jet
05:06	stream and it travels up to 450 km/h , wrapping
05:09	all around the planet , even though it's way up
05:12	in the atmosphere , a small change in the path
05:14	of the jet stream can cause a bend in the
05:16	polar front that leads to a low pressure area where
05:18	a warm front moving forward and a cold front moving
05:20	towards the equator clash . As the air converging and
05:23	rising to form a low pressure area turns into a
05:25	full blown mid latitude cyclone . The colder air masses
05:28	denser and moves faster , overtaking the spiraling cyclonic warm
05:31	front and wedging beneath it , and it won't be
05:34	over until the cyclone is completely cut off from the
05:36	warm air mass that was its source of energy and
05:38	moisture in this battle , Both the polar front and
05:40	the polar front jet stream can also move seasonally .
05:43	They can steer the cyclonic systems and their air masses
05:46	across the continent as they follow the sun north into
05:48	the arctic in summer and swing down further south in
05:51	the winter . And no two storms are alike because
05:53	no two air masses are alike . So with so
05:55	much going on , you can't blame the weather forecasters
05:57	too much for not predicting the unpredictable . Now ,
05:59	massive weather systems aren't unique to the mid latitudes ,
06:02	even if warm and cold fronts do happen there a
06:04	lot In tropical and subtropical oceans and seas . We
06:07	can also get spiraling low pressure storms which are some
06:10	of the largest storms on Earth , a storm that
06:12	starts the tropical oceans between the tropic of cancer and
06:15	the tropic of capricorn can have incredible winds over 118
06:19	km/h . They go by many names hurricanes in the
06:21	Atlantic , typhoons in the pacific and cyclones in the
06:24	indian Ocean . So we're talking about tropical cyclone storms
06:27	now , but we're filming this in florida near the
06:29	atlantic . So I'll call them hurricanes from here on
06:31	. Unlike the mid latitude battles between warm and cold
06:34	air masses , tropical hurricanes formed from a single warm
06:37	air mass without a cold air opponent . There's no
06:39	front . The warm air over the oceans means there's
06:42	lots of water vapor . So as this warm air
06:44	rises and condenses the extra energy released , fuels its
06:47	transformation from a week low pressure area Into a violent
06:50	swirling storm extending up 12-14 km and taking up the
06:54	full height of the troposphere . A chimney effect pulls
06:57	more and more moisture Laden air into the system .
06:59	Air is sucked in at the base by low pressure
07:01	in the eye of the hurricane and sent spiraling because
07:04	of the coriolis effect . The air then rises rapidly
07:07	to the top and is full of water vapor ,
07:08	which condenses and releases latent heat . Energy producing thunderstorms
07:11	, an enormous amounts of rain , A great deal
07:14	of time , effort and money has been spent studying
07:16	hurricanes . So we know some things like in the
07:18	atlantic , the official hurricane season is from the first
07:21	of june through the 30th of november , but hurricanes
07:23	pop up most frequently in late summer and early fall
07:26	when ocean surfaces are warmed to 26 degrees Celsius or
07:28	more . And the ocean air has maximum community .
07:31	And we found a correlation between rising sea surface temperatures
07:34	and longer tropical storm lifetimes and greater intensity in the
07:37	atlantic basin . Looking to the future models suggest that
07:40	the intensity of extremely severe storms will only increase in
07:42	the coming decades . But there's still a lot to
07:45	learn , like we can't predict a hurricane's path with
07:47	great certainty more than three days in advance , even
07:49	though it's tracked by radar plane and weather satellites and
07:52	where a storm makes landfall becomes the most pressing question
07:55	as a storm grows and meteorologists track its movement .
07:58	Hurricanes , source of moisture and energy is the warm
08:00	ocean air and water so they grow when they're over
08:02	water but begin to dissipate once they make landfall .
08:05	But by then they could have already caused tons of
08:07	damage to coastal communities . The boundary between water and
08:10	land in tropical and subtropical regions is naturally marked by
08:13	mangroves and wetlands , which absorbed the brunt of the
08:15	storm surge , buffering inland areas from flooding . For
08:18	example , the low lying coastal areas of Bangladesh and
08:20	India form the world's largest delta and is also the
08:23	location of the sender bonds , the world's largest mangroves
08:25	. However , even with the forbidding ecological buffer ,
08:28	there are also large pockets of people and rural settlements
08:30	which ties back to colonial land policies and practices .
08:33	There is increasing pressure to develop these coastal areas for
08:35	fish farming , tourism , manufacturing and oil and gas
08:38	exploration , all activities that are destroying the mangroves along
08:42	with the ecological functions they provide . If we combine
08:44	that destruction of a natural buffer with the scientific fact
08:47	that the best hurricane warnings are given around 36 hours
08:49	in advance , we're left hoping our transportation infrastructures can
08:52	handle a mass evacuation that quickly to save people's lives
08:55	. And in Bangladesh , the most densely populated country
08:58	in the world . The stakes for that task couldn't
09:01	be higher . In countries like the United States ,
09:03	areas susceptible to hurricanes continue to experience population growth ,
09:06	economic development and urbanization . Even as hurricane warning systems
09:10	have improved and more lives have been saved , the
09:13	loss of property and the number of people displaced has
09:15	steadily risen . Our relationship to weather is complicated because
09:19	so much of our experience depends on where we build
09:21	our communities and why the light drizzle near a warm
09:23	front might call for rain boots or an umbrella .
09:25	The thunderstorm near a cold front may have us running
09:27	indoors and comforting our dogs from the thunderclaps . But
09:30	the damage of tropical storms can lead to incredibly severe
09:33	consequences . We can't go anywhere on earth to completely
09:35	avoid weather . So our choices about what chunk of
09:38	the atmosphere to live under matter . Next time we'll
09:41	zoom out and look at whether patterns across whole regions
09:43	. When we talk about climate , many maps and
09:46	borders represent modern geopolitical divisions that have often been decided
09:49	without the consultation permission or recognition of the land's original
09:52	inhabitants . Many geographical place names also don't reflect the
09:56	indigenous or aboriginal peoples languages . So we at Crash
09:59	Course want to acknowledge these people's traditional and ongoing relationship
10:02	with that land and all the physical and human geographical
10:05	elements of it . We encourage you to learn more
10:06	about the history of the place you call home through
10:09	resources like native land dot C A . And by
10:11	engaging with your local indigenous and aboriginal nations through the
10:14	websites and resources . They provide thanks for watching this
10:17	episode of Crash Course Geography , which is filmed at
10:19	the Team Sandoval Pierre studio and was made with the
10:21	help of all these nice people . If you want
10:23	to help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever ,
10:26	you can join our community on Patreon .

Summarizer

DESCRIPTION:

Quality Math And Science Videos that feature step-by-step example problems!

OVERVIEW:

What Are the Different Types of Cyclones? Crash Course Geography #12 is a free educational video by Math and Science.

This page not only allows students and teachers view What Are the Different Types of Cyclones? Crash Course Geography #12 videos but also find engaging Sample Questions, Apps, Pins, Worksheets, Books related to the following topics.